{"id":1314,"date":"2018-10-25T13:38:13","date_gmt":"2018-10-25T13:38:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.courses.tegabrain.com\/cc18\/?page_id=1314"},"modified":"2018-10-25T16:11:59","modified_gmt":"2018-10-25T16:11:59","slug":"randomness-in-art","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.courses.tegabrain.com\/cc18\/randomness-in-art\/","title":{"rendered":"Randomness in Art"},"content":{"rendered":"

Randomness in Art<\/strong>
\nThe concept of randomness has long been explored in art. Marcel Duchamp made several works using ‘chance operations’. Duchamp\u2019s 3 Stoppages E\u0301talon employed the curves of dropped threads to derive novel units of measurement.<\/p>\n

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He also created several compositions based on chance operations. His \u201cErratum Musical\u201d of 1913<\/a>, is a score for three voices derived from a chance procedure. Duchamp composed this vocal piece with his two sisters by randomly picking up twenty-five notes from a hat, the notes were recorded in the score according to the sequence of the drawing.<\/p>\n

When his work, The Bride Stripped Bare by her Bachelors, was smashed in transit following an exhibition at the Brooklyn Museum in 1926\u201327, Duchamp laboriously glued it back together ten years later, securing the original glass between new panes and housing it in an aluminum frame. He famously stated that only then was the work finished.<\/p>\n

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Many of the Dada artists of the 1930’s also developed chance procedures.<\/p>\n

This is procedure implemented by artist Triztan Tzara who composed poems by drawing words from a hat:<\/p>\n

To make a Dadaist poem\/Take a newspaper\/ Take a pair of scissors\/ Choose an article as long as you are planning to make your poem\/ Cut out the article\/Then cut out each of the words that make up this article and put them in a bag\/Shake it gently\/Then take out the scraps one after the other in the order in which they left the bag\/ Copy conscientiously\/The poem will be like you\/And here you are a writer, infinitely original and endowed with a sensibility that is charming though beyond the understanding of the vulgar.<\/em><\/p>\n

Hans Arp would create compositions by tearing pieces of paper and letting them fall onto a canvas.<\/p>\n

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Much later, many of John Cage’s musical compositions explored chance and ways of incorporating deliberate random processes into the production of music. He aimed to open up his compositions to include unforeseen or unintended sounds, attempting to eliminate subjective or conscious arrangement of sounds.<\/p>\n

He would make use of chance procedures to compose scores, inventing rule based chance systems to render unfixed compositional techniques, a sort of programmed indeterminacy.<\/p>\n

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Fontana mix consists of a selection of tools and rules for how to make the composition. This leaves it possible for the performer to both render and perform the musical score, a musical score that would render differently every time.<\/p>\n

This development comes to a culmination in Cages composition, 4:33, known as the silence piece, It consists of three passages amounting to 4 minutes and 33 where the performers are instructed not to play their instruments. Here’s a version by the BBC Symphony orchestra.<\/p>\n